A novel dual-channel cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol-based film for visual monitoring of shrimp freshness.

In this study, the polyvinylpyrrolidone-alizarin nanoparticles (PVP-AZ NPs) with favorable water dispersion and the carbon quantum dots (RQDs) with aggregate induced emission effect were synthesized to construct an eco-friendly film for food freshness monitoring. The introduction of PVP-AZ NPs and RQDs enhanced the network structure and thermal stability of the cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol film, and reduced its crystallinity and light transmittance via non-covalent binding with the film-forming matrix. The developed film exhibited visually recognizable colorimetric and fluorescent responses to ammonia at 0.025-25 mg/mL, and it can be reused at least 6 times. Practical application experiment proved that the film, as an indicator label, can achieve accurate, real-time, and visual dynamic monitoring of the freshness of shrimp stored at 25 °C, 4 °C, and - 20 °C under daylight (orange yellow to purple) and UV light (red to blue). The integration of multivariate detection technology can eliminate the interference of external factors by self-correction to improve sensitivity and reliability, which provides a reference for the development of other food quality and safety monitoring platforms.

Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Polysaccharide from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Incorporated in PVA/Pectin Hydrogels Accelerate Wound Healing.

In cutaneous wound healing, an overproduction of inflammatory chemokines and bacterial infections impedes the process. Hydrogels can maintain a physiologically moist microenvironment, absorb chemokines, prevent bacterial infection, inhibit bacterial reproduction, and facilitate wound healing at a wound site. The development of hydrogels provides a novel treatment strategy for the entire wound repair process. Here, a series of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi polysaccharide extracts loaded with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and pectin hydrogels were successfully fabricated through the freeze-thaw method. A hydrogel containing a 1% mixing weight ratio of FLL-E (named PVA-P-FLL-E1) demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties such as swellability, water retention, degradability, porosity, 00drug release, transparency, and adhesive strength. Notably, this hydrogel exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. Moreover, the crosslinked hydrogel, PVA-P-FLL-E1, displayed multifunctional attributes, including significant antibacterial properties, earlier re-epithelialization, production of few inflammatory cells, the formation of collagen fibers, deposition of collagen I, and faster remodeling of the ECM. Consequently, the PVA-P-FLL-E1 hydrogel stands out as a promising wound dressing due to its superior formulation and enhanced healing effects in wound care.

An innovative Fuller's earth-based film-forming formulation for skin decontamination, through removal and entrapment of an organophosphorus compound, paraoxon-ethyl.

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), such as VX, pose a significant threat due to their neurotoxic and hazardous properties. Skin decontamination is essential to avoid irreversible effects. Fuller's earth (FE), a phyllosilicate conventionally employed in powder form, has demonstrated decontamination capacity against OPs. The aim of this study was to develop a formulation that forms a film on the skin, with a significant OP removal capacity (>95 %) coupled with sequestration capabilities, favorable drying time and mechanical properties to allow for easy application and removal, particularly in emergency context. Various formulations were prepared using different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), FE and surfactants. Their removal and sequestration capacity was tested using paraoxon-ethyl (POX), a chemical that simulates the behavior of VX. Formulations with removal capacity levels surpassing 95 % were mechanically characterized and cell viability assays were performed on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF). The four most promising formulations were used to assess decontamination efficacy on pig ear skin explants. These formulations showed decontamination levels ranging from 84.4 ± 4.7 % to 96.5 ± 1.3 %, which is equivalent to current decontamination methods. These results suggest that this technology could be a novel and effective tool for skin decontamination following exposure to OPs.

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial sponge materials.

This study utilized the freeze-drying method to create a chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge. To enhance its antibacterial properties, curcumin and nano silver (Cur@Ag) were added for synergistic antibacterial. After adding curcumin and nano silver, the mechanical properties of the composite sponge dressing (CS-PVA-Cur@Ag) were improved. The porosity of the composite sponge dressing was closed to 80%, which was helpful for drug release, and it had good water absorption and water retention rate. The nano silver diameter was 50-80 nm, which was optimal for killing bacteria. Antibacterial tests usedEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureusdemonstrated that little nano silver was required to eliminate bacteria. Finally, in the rat full-thickness skin wound model, the composite sponge dressing can promote wound healing in a short time. In summary, CS-PVA-Cur@Ag wound dressing could protect from bacterial infection and accelerate wound healing. Thus, it had high potential application value for wound dressing.

Exosome-coated oxygen nanobubble-laden hydrogel augments intracellular delivery of exosomes for enhanced wound healing.

Wound healing is an obvious clinical concern that can be hindered by inadequate angiogenesis, inflammation, and chronic hypoxia. While exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells have shown promise in accelerating healing by carrying therapeutic growth factors and microRNAs, intracellular cargo delivery is compromised in hypoxic tissues due to activated hypoxia-induced endocytic recycling. To address this challenge, we have developed a strategy to coat oxygen nanobubbles with exosomes and incorporate them into a polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin hybrid hydrogel. This approach not only alleviates wound hypoxia but also offers an efficient means of delivering exosome-coated nanoparticles in hypoxic conditions. The self-healing properties of the hydrogel, along with its component, gelatin, aids in hemostasis, while its crosslinking bonds facilitate hydrogen peroxide decomposition, to ameliorate wound inflammation. Here, we show the potential of this multifunctional hydrogel for enhanced healing, promoting angiogenesis, facilitating exosome delivery, mitigating hypoxia, and inhibiting inflammation in a male rat full-thickness wound model.

A co-type ductile film with high tensile strength and fast self-healing properties for shaped fruit preservation.

Traditional petroleum-based plastics have high energy consumption, require professional equipment, are non-degradable after use, and lack antibacterial properties, making it impossible to achieve long-lasting freshness in fruits and vegetables. Herein, we report a novel co-type film-forming method with low energy consumption and without production equipment, which uses PVA-borax gel as a substrate and adds a certain proportion of CMC and TA to prepare multifunctional CMC/TA@PVA-borax composite hydrogels (CTPB). The dynamic borax ester bonding and hydrogen bonding in the CTPB hydrogel results in an ultra-high tensile strength of more than 5500% and rapid self-healing within 8 s. Interestingly, hydrogels can be arbitrarily shaped and stretched like play dough and thus can be stretched into ductile films by co-type film formation. The antimicrobial properties of the hydrogel film can be attributed to the synergistic effects of TA and borax. The mussel structure of TA allows the hydrogel film to adhere directly to different surfaces for more effective bacterial killing. In addition, the hydrogel film has a high level of biosafety and biodegradability and shows good performance in fruit storage. This study provides a convenient and low-energy method for the preparation of films, which in part reduces the increasing environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics.

Bone formation by Irisin-Poly vinyl alchol modified bioglass ceramic beads in the rabbit model.

In the aging society, slow bone regeneration poses a serious hindrance to the quality of life. To deal with this problem, in this study, we have combined irisin with the bioglass regular beads to enhance the bone regeneration process. For this purpose, highly porous bioglass was obtained as spherical beads by using sodium alginate. The bioglass was evaluated by various analytical techniques such as SEM, EDS, XRD, and pore size distribution. The results depicted that porous bioglass was prepared correctly and SEM analysis showed a highly porous bioglass was formulated. On this bioglass, irisin was loaded with the assistance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in three concentrations (50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 150 ng/ml per 1 g of bioglass). SEM analysis showed that pores are covered with PVA. The irisin release profile showed a sustained release over the time period of 7 days. In vitro, biocompatibility evaluation by the MC3T3E1 cells showed that prepared bioglass and irisin loaded bioglass (BGI50, BGI100, and BG150) are highly biocompatible. Alizarin Red staining analysis showed that after 2 weeks BGI50 samples showed highest calcium nodule formation. In vivo in the rabbit femur model was conducted for 1 and 2 months. BGI150 samples showed highest BV/TV ratio of 37.1 after 2 months. The histological data showed new bone formation surrounding the beads and with beads loaded with irisin. Immunohistochemistry using markers OPN, RUNX, COL, and ALP supported the osteogenic properties of the irisin-loaded bioglass beads. The results indicated that irisin-loaded bioglass displayed remarkable bone regeneration.

Influence of Chemical Nature of Citric and Tartaric Acids on Reaction Time of the Crosslinking of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels.

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) is a water-soluble polymer having a hydroxyl group as a functional group contributing to excellent membrane-forming and mechanical performance. PVOH is obtained by the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, and its physical properties are affected by its degree of hydrolysis, whether, partial or complete. In this study, PVOH hydrogels were synthesized by a solution under stirring and heating techniques with citric (AC) and tartaric acids (AT) crosslinker agents, with different time reactions of 20 min.; 1; 2, and 3 h were investigated. These samples were characterized by the kinetics of water uptake, gel fraction, thermal analysis, and physical-chemical analysis, and their structure was elucidated. The results obtained have shown chemical modification by organic acids and improved the properties to good thermal stability and swelling to AT hydrogels up to 900% water uptake. In the gel fraction, the samples' esterification was shown and verified by FTIR spectra. To AC hydrogels the chemical modification was low due to the steric hindrance, which caused disintegration of the hydrogel in swelling and gel fraction test, but with absorption in the moisture test performed. The incorporation and effects of citric and tartaric acids enable the development of new hydrogel systems, with specific properties.

Characterizations of Centrifugal Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate/Tamanu Oil/Silver Nanoparticles Wound Dressing.

Known for its water solubility, flexibility, strong adhesion, and eco-friendly nature, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used in various industries. In the medical field, it is used for applications such as creating bandages and orthopaedic devices. Incorporating sodium alginate (SA) into PVA membranes enhances their structural integrity, breathability, and permeability, thereby minimising the risk of cellular damage in the wound zone. Moreover, the addition of tamanu oil (C alophyllum inophyllum L.) and silver nanoparticles, both of which are known for their antibacterial properties and benefits in traditional wound healing, further enhances the membranes' wound-healing effectiveness. Following production, the membranes undergo a series of tests designed to evaluate their physical properties as well as their antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities. Subsequently, in vitro testing is conducted using human skin cells; experiments on Wistar rats are then performed. Numerous experiments have consistently demonstrated that the performance of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/tamanu oil (PVA/SA/Oil) membrane is superior to that of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/tamanu oil/silver nanoparticles (PVA/SA/Oil/Ag NP) membrane. Specifically, the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) combination exhibits an impressive wound-healing rate of 98.82% after 15 days, with cells maintaining a high viability of 92% in a nourishing environment. Moreover, these membranes exhibit exceptional resistance to the oxidation of free radicals, surpassing the 70% threshold, and they possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus in vitro. Based on the obtained results, the nanofiber membranes composed of polyvinyl alcohol/ alginate/ tamanu oil, with or without silver nanoparticles, have shown potential as wound dressings in the wound care discipline.

Enhanced antibacterial properties of polyvinyl alcohol/starch/chitosan films with NiO-CuO nanoparticles for food packaging.

Packaging is very important to maintain the quality of food and prevent the growth of microbes. Therefore, the use of food packaging with antimicrobial properties protects the food from the growth of microorganisms. In this study, antibacterial nanocomposite films of polyvinyl alcohol/starch/chitosan (PVA/ST/CS) together with nickel oxide-copper oxide nanoparticles (NiO-CuONPs) are prepared for food packaging. NiO-CuONPs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and structural characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) was carried out by XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. Composites of PVA/ST/CS, containing different percentages of NPs, were prepared by casting and characterized by FTIR and FESEM. The mechanical properties, diffusion barrier, and thermal stability were determined. The nanoparticles have a round structure with an average size of 6.7 ± 1.2 nm. The cross-section of PVA/ST/CS film is dense, uniform, and without cracks. In the mechanical tests, the addition of NPs up to 1% improved the mechanical properties (TS = 31.94 MPa), while 2% of NPs lowered TS to 14.76 MPa. The fibroblast cells toxicity and the films antibacterial activity were also examined. The films displayed stronger antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) compared to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Furthermore, these films have no toxicity to fibroblast cells and the survival rate of these cells in contact with the films is more than 84%. Therefore, this film is recommended for food packaging due to its excellent mechanical and barrier properties, good antibacterial activity, and non-toxicity.

A novel approach to wound healing: Green synthetic nano-zinc oxide embedded with sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for dressings.

Wound healing constitutes a formidable challenge within the healthcare system, attributable to infection risks and protracted recovery periods. The pressing need for innovative wound healing methods has spurred the urgency to develop novel approaches. This study sought to advance wound healing by introducing a novel approach employing a composite sponge dressing. The composite sponge dressing, derived from LFL-ZnO (synthesized through the green methodology utilizing Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 fermentation liquid), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium alginate (SA) via a freeze-thaw cycle and freeze-drying molding process, demonstrated notable properties. The findings elucidate the commendable swelling, moisturizing, and mechanical attributes of the SA/LFL-ZnO/PVA composite sponge dressing, characterized by a porous structure. Remarkably, the dressing incorporating LFL-ZnO exhibited substantial inhibition against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Hemolysis and cytotoxicity tests corroborated the excellent biocompatibility of the sponge dressing. In vivo evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the 1 mg/mL LFL-ZnO composite dressing on scald wounds and S. aureus-infected wounds revealed its capacity to accelerate wound healing and exert pronounced antibacterial effects. Consequently, the composite sponge dressings synthesized in this study hold significant potential for application in wound treatment.

Improving the optical, thermal, mechanical, electrical properties and antibacterial activity of PVA-chitosan by biosynthesized Ag nanoparticles: Eco-friendly nanocomposites for food packaging applications.

In this study, nanocomposite films were produced by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (Cs) polymers with 70 % PVA and 30 % Cs, incorporating silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) via a solution-casting method. The research aims to investigate the impact of the biosynthesized Ag NPs by Chenopodium murale leaf extract on optical, morphological, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and antibacterial properties. XRD analysis showed a decrease in crystallinity degree with Ag NPs addition. TEM revealed Ag NPs in cubic and spherical shapes with an average size of 23.4 nm. SEM and AFM indicated surface morphology changes. FT-IR spectra showed interaction between Ag ions and the blend. The energy gap decreased with increasing Ag NPs concentration. TGA exhibited enhanced thermal stability. Mechanical properties improved significantly. AC electrical conductivity and dielectric parameters were studied. Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was observed. Overall, PVA/Cs-Ag NPs films show promise for food packaging and optoelectronic applications.

Strong, tough, high-release, and antibacterial nanocellulose hydrogel for refrigerated chicken preservation.

Enormous amounts of food resources are annually wasted because of microbial contamination, highlighting the critical role of effective food packaging in preventing such losses. However, traditional food packaging faces several limitations, such as low mechanical strength, poor fatigue resistance, and low water retention. In this study, we aimed to prepare nanocellulose hydrogels with enhanced stretchability, fatigue resistance, high water retention, and antibacterial properties using soy hull nanocellulose (SHNC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and tannic acid (TA) as raw materials. These hydrogels were applied in food packaging to extend the shelf life of refrigerated chicken. The structure and properties (e.g., mechanical, antibacterial, and barrier properties) of these hydrogels were characterized using different techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydrogen and ester bonds in the hydrogels, whereas scanning electron microscopy revealed the three-dimensional network structure of the hydrogels. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the SHNC/PVA/SA/TA-2 hydrogel exhibited excellent tensile properties (elongation = 160 %), viscoelasticity (storage modulus of 1000 Pa), and mechanical strength (compressive strength = 10 kPa; tensile strength = 0.35 MPa). Moreover, under weak acidic and alkaline conditions, the ester bonds of the hydrogel broke down with an increase in pH, improving its swelling and release properties. The SHNC/PVA/SA/TA-2 hydrogel displayed an equilibrium swelling ratio exceeding 300 %, with a release rate of >80 % for the bioactive substance TA. Notably, antibacterial testing showed that the SHNC/PVA/SA/TA-2 hydrogel effectively deactivated Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, prolonging the shelf life of refrigerated chicken to 10 d. Therefore, the SHNC/PVA/SA/TA hydrogels can be used in food packaging to extend the shelf life of refrigerated meat products. Their cost-effectiveness and simple preparation make them suitable for various applications in the food industry.

An antimicrobial film of silver/nanocellulose crystal/oxalic acid/polyvinyl alcohol with real-time bactericidal and prevention of biofilm formation properties.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an excellent antibacterial agent, which is widely used in medical, food, environmental and other fields, but AgNPs are easy to accumulate in aqueous solution, so their application in various fields is limited. Therefore, it is particularly important to propose a new application method or to prepare a new composite material. In this study, OA/PVA was obtained by cross-linking oxalic acid (OA) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Then Ag/NCC was obtained by in situ reduction of AgNPs on nanocellulose crystals (NCC). Finally, Ag/NCC/OA/PVA composite antimicrobial films with good waterproofing effect were prepared by mixing Ag/NCC with OA/PVA. Subsequently, the films were characterized using SEM, UV-vis, FTIR and XRD, as well as physicochemical properties such as mechanical strength and hydrophilic properties were determined. The results indicated that the Ag/NCC/OA/PVA films possess good light transmittance, mechanical properties, water resistance, antibacterial activity, and biodegradability. The results of the mechanism study showed that Ag/NCC/OA/PVA films can destroy cell integrity, inhibit succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, thereby reducing intracellular ATP levels. And induce a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, eventually leading to the death of C. sakazakii. In summary, Ag/NCC/OA/PVA film has good physical and chemical properties, antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, and has promising applications in food and medical antibacterial fields.

Multi-functional polyvinyl alcohol/tannin acid composite films incorporated with lignin nanoparticles loaded by potassium sorbate.

The biocompatible, biodegradable and strong polyvinyl alcohol-based films have been widely investigated and used in the field of active packaging. To endow with diverse function, this paper firstly prepared lignin nanoparticles loaded with potassium sorbate (LNP@PS) as additives to exploit additional antibacterial, UV blocking, oxygen barrier, and water barrier properties. Besides, tannin acid (TA) was incorporated for compensating and further enhancing mechanical properties. Results showed that the PVA-based composite films containing 3 % LNP@PS and 5 % TA could achieve the optimal tensile strength at 74.51 MPa, water vapor permeability at 7.015·10-13·g·cm/cm2·s·Pa and oxygen permeability at 1.93 cm3/m2·24 h MPa, which was an 165 % of increase, 47 % and 112 % of reduction respectively compared to pure PVA films. Additionally, the composite films exhibited apparently superior bacteria and oxygen resistance properties evidenced by microbial infection and free radical scavenging performance. In addition, the slow-release effect of PS assisted the strawberry preservation with an extension of 3 days, which provided a promising novel route to prepare active food packaging material.

Quercetin nanoparticles decorated on Arabic gum and polyvinyl alcohol composite as a film sensor for fluorescence detection of meropenem.

Moving towards green chemistry to minimize the diverse effect of chemicals on human health and environment has become a great issue in chemistry. On the other hand, determination of pharmaceuticals is an important issue for both human health and environment. In this regard two natural and benign compounds such as quercetin a polyphenolic flavonoid and Arabic Gum (AG) a polysaccharide were used to construct a sensor for meropenem. Herein, a new method was established for the synthesis of AG and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite decorated by quercetin nanoparticles (QUENPs) as a fluorimetric film sensor to measure meropenem. In order to embed QUENPs in the polymer composite substrate, first QUENPs were synthesized and then added to the prepared composite solution under optimal conditions. The characteristics of AG and PVA composite (AG-PVA) and AG-PVA composite decorated by QUENPs films (QUENPs-AG-PVA), before and after the addition of meropenem was studied by TEM, FT-IR and EDX-Mapping. The developed film sensor was placed in a holder made with 3D printer. The difference in the fluorescence intensity of the fabricated film before and after the addition of meropenem was taken as the signal for measuring meropenem. The effect of different parameters on the fabrication of film fluorimetric sensor such as the concentration of polymer solutions, the volume of QUENPs and the volume of glycerol were investigated. Factors affecting the measurement of meropenem such as pH, type of buffer, volume of meropenem solution added on the sensor and time were also investigated. Under the obtained optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 50-800 ng mL-1 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9976 and the detection limit was 42.6 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviation was 3.5% and 1.4%, for eight replicate determinations of 100 ng mL-1 and 400 ng mL-1 of meropenem, respectively. The proposed method was successfully utilized for determination of meropenem in blood serum, human urine and pharmaceutical samples.

Smart labels based on polyvinyl alcohol incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles loaded with grape extract: Functionality, stability and food application.

Anthocyanins (ACNs) are natural compounds with potential applications due to their colorimetric response to pH. Due to their sensitivity to various environmental factors, nanoencapsulation with biopolymers is a successful strategy for stabilizing ACNs. In this work ACNs were extracted from grape skins and encapsulated into chitosan (CS) nanoparticles by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent. CS nanoparticles loaded with ACNs had particle sizes between 291 and 324 nm and polydispersity index around 0.3. The encapsulation efficiency of ACNs was approximately 60 %; and encapsulated anthocyanins (ACN-NPs) exhibited color change properties under different pH conditions. pH-sensitive labels based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by the casting method. The effect of incorporating ACN-NPs on the physical, structural, and pH-sensitive properties of PVA labels was evaluated, and its application as shrimp freshness indicator was studied. The nanoencapsulation protected ACNs against heat and light treatments, preserving the original purple color. When applying the label, visible changes from red to blue until reaching yellow were observed with the change in the quality of the shrimp at the refrigeration temperature. The results suggest that PVA labels containing ACNs encapsulated in C-NPs can be used as smart packaging labels in the food industry.

Development of a tannic acid- and silicate ion-functionalized PVA-starch composite hydrogel for in situ skeletal muscle repairing.

The repair capacity of skeletal muscle is severely diminished in massive skeletal muscle injuries accompanied by inflammation, resulting in muscle function loss and scar tissue formation. In the current work, we developed a tannic acid (TA)- and silicate ion-functionalized tissue adhesive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-starch composite hydrogel, referred to as PSTS (PVA-starch-TA-SiO32-). It was formed based on the hydrogen bonding of TA to organic polymers, as well as silicate-TA ligand interaction. PSTS could be gelatinized in minutes at room temperature with crosslinked network formation, making it applicable for injection. Further investigations revealed that PSTS had skeletal muscle-comparable conductivity and modulus to act as a temporary platform for muscle repairing. Moreover, PSTS could release TA and silicate ions in situ to inhibit bacterial growth, induce vascularization, and reduce oxidation, paving the way to the possibility of creating a favorable microenvironment for skeletal muscle regeneration and tissue fibrosis control. The in vivo model confirmed that PSTS could enhance muscle fiber regeneration and myotube formation, as well as reduce infection and inflammation risk. These findings thereby implied the great potential of PSTS in the treatment of formidable skeletal muscle injuries.

Alizarin-embedded γ-cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework in a methylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol film for maintaining and monitoring grass carp freshness.

Multifunctional packaging films that monitor and maintain fish freshness hold significant potential for use in the food industry. This study introduces a multifunctional intelligent packaging film comprising alizarin (ALI)-embedded cubic γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (γ-CD-MOFs) (denoted as γ-CD-MOFs@ALI) in a methylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (MP)-based matrix to achieve colorimetric monitoring and enhanced preservation of fish freshness. The MP/γ-CD-MOFs@ALI reveals a rapid color transition in 3 min from yellow color progressively darkens to purple as the pH increases from 2.0 to 10.0. And it is proved that the as-prepared film owns high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), impressive ABTS+ radical scavenging rates of 85.54 ± 1.25 %, and effective ALI sustained-release properties. The intelligent packaging film exhibits an excellent colorimetric response to total volatile basic nitrogen and provides exceptional freshness preservation performance, effectively prolonging the shelf life of Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) under 25 °C to 42 h.

Soft and flexible polyvinyl alcohol/pullulan aerogels with fast and high water absorption capacity for facial mask substrates.

Facial mask substrates commonly used in skincare are often considered unhealthy and environmentally unfriendly due to their composition of premoistened nonwovens containing various preservatives. This study aims to address this issue by developing a preservative-free degradable aerogel made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/pullulan (PUL) using a unidirectional freeze-drying method. The aerogels had ordered three-dimensional porous structures and exhibited desirable mechanical properties. They were soft and flexible in both dry and wet states, and their Young's moduli were comparable to that of human skin. The aerogels had high porosity, ranging from 93.0 % to 95.1 %, and exhibited a high water absorption rate and water absorption capacity (ranging from 7.5 g/g to 10.1 g/g). After 30 min of water evaporation, the aerogels showed excellent moisture retention, ranging from 88 % to 93 %. Additionally, the PVA/PUL aerogel efficiently loaded and released active ingredients, such as rapidly releasing ascorbic acid (> 90 % within 30 min). These findings suggest that the PVA/PUL aerogel has potential as a material for facial mask substrates.